Media Brief: Why Desalination Matters for St. Kitts and Nevis

Overview

Before implementing desalination, St. Kitts and Nevis relied on surface water (rivers) and groundwater (wells) for potable water, which yielded approximately 5.6 million gallons per day.

By the end of 2024, the level of demand was estimated at 6.6–7 million gallons per day, creating a shortfall of up to 1.4 million gallons daily.

In 2025, the projected daily demand was estimated at 8.7 million gallons per day, prompting the Water Services Department to implement a supply schedule throughout the island.

Key Water Challenges

Population, tourism, industry, and housing growth in St. Kitts and Nevis have increased the demand for water, widening the supply gap.

Surface water from rivers varies seasonally and cannot sustain peak or constant supply, and over-extraction of aquifers risks saltwater intrusion, which could diminish groundwater quality and impact long-term availability.

Climate Variability & Drought

The Eastern Caribbean region is periodically affected by drought conditions that reduce rainfall.

Long-term changes in rainfall patterns and prolonged dry spells heighten water scarcity risks across the island.

Why Desalination Matters

It Provides a Continuous and Reliable Source of Water Year Round

Desalination converts seawater into potable water through technology such as reverse osmosis.

The Basseterre Desalination Plant will yield up to two million gallons of potable water per day — directly addressing the supply gap.

It Supports Continuous 24-Hour Water Service

The production capacity of the Basseterre Desalination Plant will be a foundational part of efforts to restore and sustain 24-hour water supply to Basseterre and adjacent communities.

It Builds Climate Resilience

Unlike surface and groundwater that depend on variable rainfall and aquifer health, seawater desalination provides a climate resilient water source that is less vulnerable to drought.

Investment in desalination infrastructure is part of a broader strategy to improve water reliability and resilience under changing climate conditions.

It Supports Economic and Social Development

Reliable water supplies are essential for households, schools, businesses, tourism, and industry.

Desalination increases the capacity to meet both current and future water demand, reducing economic losses linked to water shortages.

Strategic Context

The commissioning of the Basseterre Desalination Plant is part of the Government of St. Kitts and Nevis’ broader infrastructure strategy to enhance water services and ensure essential service delivery.

Complementary efforts include hydrogeological surveys, well drilling, and improvements to storage and distribution systems to create a diverse and resilient water supply portfolio.

THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY & UTILITIESCustomer Focused, Quality Driven